periodontal disease and tooth loss as risks for cancer: a systematic review of the literature

Authors

m sadighi shamami

s amini

abstract

background: p e r io d ontal d i s e ase i s a c h ro ni c des t ructi v e d i s e a s e w h ich o ccurs in adults, young people, and children .   perio d ontal disease and periodontal pathoge n s ha v e been associ a ted with se v er a l syste m ic dise a ses and more recen t ly, se v e r a l stu d ies have sug g es te d the relat i o n ship bet w een p e rio d ontal d isease and cancer. stu d i e s with adj u stm e nt f o r t h e e f f e ct of smo k ing ex po su r e, h a v e f o und sign i ficant p o s i tive a s s o cia t io n s with d i f f er ent cancer s it e s. t his re vi ew has outli ne d re c e nt epi d emiologic rese a r c hes pointing t o a possi b le role for tooth loss and pe r io d ontal d i s e a s e in c a rci no gen e s i s.   methods: in t h is r e v i ew, a rti c l e s w e r e selec t ed from pubmed b e tween1 9 95 and june 2010 including human. amongst 5, 98 4 articles i d en t ified from the electronic se a rch, 17 art i cl e s we r e s e l e c ted f o r a f u ll- t ext rea d ing b a sed on the incl u sion and the excl u sion criteria.   results: nine out o f 10 ca se –con t r o l stu di e s r e p o rted a si gnificant inc re ase in t h e risk o f o r al c ancer in pa t i e nts with p e rio dontit i s and o ne with no s i gnifica n t associatio n . among 6 studies exa m in i ng esophageal cancer and p e rio d ontal disease, 5 st u dies found a significant association b e tween them and one stu d y fai l ed to f ind a s i gni f icant i n cre a sed r isk o f cance r . a l so a mongst 5 stu di e s which foc u sed on   u p per   g a st r o in t e stina l ,   gas t ric cancer,   a n d   p e r io d ontal   d i s e a s e,   4 studies found an increased risk of can c er while o n e stu d y did n o t re p o rt an y relations h ip. in lung cancer evaluations, 3 out of 4 stu d ies sho w ed so m e le v e ls of association be t ween lung can c er and perio d ontal dise as e but after adj us tment for smoki n g, n o relatio n ship w e re foun d . t h ree cohort stu d ies have evalua t ed o v er a ll cancer   ra t e s i n per i o d ontal patients; two of them fou n d small but s i gnificant association b e t ween can c ers a nd perio d ontal disease.   conclusion: the res u lts i n dic a te that there is a possi b le li n k between ca n cer and se v e re p e rio d ontal dise a se af ter a d j u stment for s m oking a n d drin k ing habits.

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Journal title:
iranian journal of cancer prevention

جلد ۴، شماره ۴، صفحات ۱۸۹-۱۹۸

Keywords
[ ' p e r i o d o n t i t i s ' , ' t o o t h l o s s ' , ' o r a l h y g i e n e ' , ' m o u t h n e o p l a s m x a 0 r e f e r e n c e s 1 . p a p a p a n o u p n . p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e s ' , ' e p i d e m i o l o g y . a n n p e r i o d o n t o l . 1 9 9 6 ' , 1 , ' 1 3 6 . 2 . i r f a n u m ' , ' d a w s o n d v ' , ' b i s s a d a n f . e p i d e m i o l o g y o f p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e ' , ' a r e v i e w a n d c l i n i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e s . j i n t a c a d p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 1 ' , 3 , ' 1 4 2 1 . p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e a n d t o o t h l o s s a s r i s k s f o r c a n c e r x a 0 x a 0 3 . m i c h a u d d s ' , ' j o s h i p u r a k ' , ' g i o v a n n u c c i e ' , ' f u c h s c s . a p r o s p e c t i v e s t u d y o f p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e a n d p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r i n u s m a l e h e a l t h p r o f e s s i o n a l s . j n a t l c a n c e r i n s t . 2 0 0 7 ' , 9 9 , ' 1 7 1 5 . 4 . p i h l s t r o m x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b l ' , ' m i c h a l o w i c z x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 b s ' , ' j o h n s o n x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n w . p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e s . l a n c e t . 2 0 0 5 ' , 3 6 , ' 1 8 0 9 2 0 . 5 . g e n c o r j ' , ' g r o s s i s g ' , ' h o a ' , ' n i s h i m u r a f ' , ' m u r a y a m a y . a p r o p o s e d m o d e l l i n k i n g i n f l a m m a t i o n t o o b e s i t y ' , ' d i a b e t e s ' , ' a n d p e r i o d o n t a l i n f e c t i o n s . j p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 7 6 , ' 2 0 7 5 8 4 . 6 . o r i n g e r x a 0 r j . x a 0 m o d u l a t i o n x a 0 o f x a 0 t h e x a 0 h o s t x a 0 r e s p o n s e x a 0 i n p e r i o d o n t a l t h e r a p y . j p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 2 ' , 7 3 , ' 4 6 0 7 0 . 7 . g i b s o n f c ' , ' y u m o t o h ' , ' t a k a h a s h i y ' , ' c h o u h h ' , ' g e n c o c a . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 i n n a t e x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 i m m u n e x a 0 s i g n a l i n g a n d x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p o r p h y r o m o n a s g i n g i v a l i s ' , ' a c c e l e r a t e d x a 0 a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s . x a 0 j x a 0 d e n t x a 0 r e s . 2 0 0 6 ' , 8 5 , ' 1 0 6 2 1 . 8 . w a c t a w s k i ' , ' w e n d e x a 0 x a 0 j . x a 0 x a 0 p e r i o d o n t a l x a 0 x a 0 d i s e a s e s x a 0 x a 0 a n d o s t e o p o r o s i s ' , ' a s s o c i a t i o n a n d m e c h a n i s m s . a n n p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 1 ' , 6 , ' 1 9 7 2 0 8 . 9 . s a y g u n i ' , ' k u b a r a ' , ' o z d e m i r a ' , ' s l o t s j . p e r i o d o n t i t i s l e s i o n s x a 0 a r e x a 0 a x a 0 s o u r c e x a 0 o f x a 0 s a l i v a r y x a 0 c y t o m e g a l o v i r u s x a 0 a n d e p s t e i n ' , ' b a r r v i r u s . j p e r i o d o n t a l r e s . 2 0 0 5 ' , 4 0 , ' 1 8 7 9 1 . 1 0 . t e n g y t ' , ' t a y l o r g w ' , ' s c a n n a p i e c o f . p e r i o d o n t a l h e a l t h a n d s y s t e m i c d i s o r d e r s . j c a n d e n t a s s o c . 2 0 0 2 ' , 6 8 , ' 1 8 8 9 2 . 1 1 . s c a n n a p i e c o x a 0 f a ' , ' h o x a 0 a w . x a 0 p o t e n t i a l x a 0 a s s o c i a t i o n s b e t w e e n x a 0 c h r o n i c x a 0 r e s p i r a t o r y x a 0 d i s e a s e x a 0 a n d x a 0 p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e ' , ' a n a l y s i s x a 0 x a 0 o f x a 0 x a 0 n a t i o n a l x a 0 x a 0 h e a l t h x a 0 x a 0 a n d x a 0 x a 0 n u t r i t i o n e x a m i n a t i o n s u r v e y i i i . j p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 1 ' , 7 2 , ' 5 0 6 . 1 2 . m o u t s o p o u l o s x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 n m ' , ' m a d i a n o s x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 p n . x a 0 x a 0 x a 0 l o w ' , ' g r a d e i n f l a m m a t i o n i n c h r o n i c i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e s ' , ' p a r a d i g m o f p e r i o d o n t a l x a 0 x a 0 i n f e c t i o n s . x a 0 x a 0 a n n x a 0 x a 0 n x a 0 x a 0 y x a 0 x a 0 a c a d x a 0 x a 0 s c i . x a 0 x a 0 2 0 0 6 ' , 1 0 8 8 , ' 2 5 1 6 4 . 1 3 . h a r a s z t h y v i ' , ' z a m b o n j ' , ' t r e v i s a n m ' , ' z e i d m ' , ' g e n c o r j . i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f p e r i o d o n t a l p a t h o g e n s i n a t h e r m a n o u s p l a q u e s . j p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 0 ' , 7 1 , ' 1 5 5 4 6 0 . 1 4 . s o u t h e r l a n d x a 0 j h ' , ' t a y l o r x a 0 g w ' , ' m o s s x a 0 k ' , ' b e c k x a 0 j d ' , ' o f f e n b a c h e r x a 0 s . x a 0 c o m m o n a l i t y x a 0 i n x a 0 c h r o n i c x a 0 i n f l a m m a t o r y d i s e a s e s ' , ' p e r i o d o n t i t i s ' , ' d i a b e t e s ' , ' a n d x a 0 c o r o n a r y x a 0 a r t e r y d i s e a s e . j p e r i o d o n t o l . 2 0 0 6 ' , 4 0 , ' 1 3 0 4 3 . 1 5 . t e n g y t ' , ' t a y l o r g w ' , ' s c a n n a p i e c o f . p e r i o d o n t a l h e a l t h a n d s y s t e m i c d i s o r d e r s . j c a n d e n t a s s o c . 2 0 0 2 ' , 6 8 , ' 1 8 8 9 2 . 1 6 . s t o l z e n b e r g ' , ' s o l o m o n x a 0 r z ' , ' d o d d x a 0 k w ' , ' b l a s e r x a 0 m j ' , ' v i r t a m o j ' , ' t a y l o r p r . t o o t h l o s s ' , ' p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r ' , ' a n d h e l i c o b a c t e r p y l o r i . a m j c l i n n u t r . 2 0 0 3 ' , 7 8 , ' 1 7 6 8 1 . 1 7 . h u j o e l p p ' , ' d r a n g s h o l t m ' , ' s p i e k e r m a n c ' , ' w e i s s n s . a n e x p l o r a t i o n o f t h e p e r i o d o n t i t i s ' , ' c a n c e r a s s o c i a t i o n . a n n e p i d e m i o l . 2 0 0 3 ' , 1 3 , ' 3 1 2 6 . 1 8 . a b n e t c c ' , ' q i a o y l ' , ' m a r k s d ' , ' d o n g z w ' , ' t a y l o r p r . p r o s p e c t i v e s t u d y o f t o o t h l o s s a n d i n c i d e n t e s o p h a g e a l a n d g a s t r i c c a n c e r s i n c h i n a . c a n c e r c a u s e s c o n t r o l . 2 0 0 1 ' , 1 2 , ' 8 4 7 5 4 . 1 9 . a b n e t c c ' , ' q i a o y l ' , ' d a w s e y s m ' , ' d o n g z w ' , ' t a y l o r p r ' , ' m a r k s d . t o o t h l o s s i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d r i s k o f t o t a l d e a t h a n d d e a t h f r o m u p p e r g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l c a n c e r ' , ' h e a r t d i s e a s e ' , ' a n d s t r o k e i n a c h i n e s e p o p u l a t i o n ' , ' b a s e d c o h o r t . i n t j e p i d e m i o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 3 4 , ' 4 6 7 7 4 . 2 0 . v e l l y x a 0 a m ' , ' f r a n c o x a 0 e l ' , ' s c h l e c h t x a 0 n . x a 0 r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n d e n t a l f a c t o r s a n d r i s k o f u p p e r a e r o d i g e s t i v e t r a c t c a n c e r . o r a l o n c o l . 1 9 9 8 ' , 3 4 , ' 2 8 4 9 1 . 2 1 . r o s e n q u i s t k ' , ' w e n n e r b e r g j ' , ' s c h i l d t e b ' , ' b l a d s t r o m a ' , ' g o r a n x a 0 h a n s s o n x a 0 b ' , ' a n d e r s s o n x a 0 g . x a 0 o r a l x a 0 s t a t u s ' , ' o r a l i n f e c t i o n s a n d s o m e l i f e s t y l e f a c t o r s a s r i s k f a c t o r s f o r o r a l a n d o r o p h a r y n g e a l s q u a m o u s c e l l c a r c i n o m a . a c t a o t o l a r y n g o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 1 2 5 , ' 1 3 2 7 3 6 . 2 2 . g a l l u c c i x a 0 x a 0 g o ' , ' m o r t o n x a 0 x a 0 d ' , ' w e b e r x a 0 x a 0 h p . x a 0 x a 0 l o a d i n g p r o t o c o l s f o r d e n t a l i m p l a n t s i n e d e n t u l o u s p a t i e n t s . i n t j o r a l m a x i l l o f a c i m p l a n t s . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 2 4 s u p p l ' , 1 3 2 , ' 4 6 . 2 3 . b u n d g a a r d t ' , ' w i l d t j ' , ' f r y d e n b e r g m ' , ' e l b r o n d o ' , ' n i e l s e n j e . c a s e ' , ' c o n t r o l s t u d y o f s q u a m o u s c e l l c a n c e r o f t h e o r a l c a v i t y i n d e n m a r k . c a n c e r c a u s e s c o n t r o l . 1 9 9 5 ' , 6 , ' 5 7 6 7 . 2 4 . d e r e z e n d e c p ' , ' r a m o s m b ' , ' d a g u i l a c h ' , ' d e d i v i t i s r a ' , ' r a p o p o r t a . o r a l h e a l t h c h a n g e s i n p a t i e n t s w i t h o r a l a n d x a 0 o r o p h a r y n g e a l x a 0 c a n c e r . x a 0 b r a z x a 0 j x a 0 o t o r h i n o l a r y n g o l . 2 0 0 8 ' , 7 4 , ' 5 9 6 6 0 0 . 2 5 . f e r n a n d e z ' , ' g a r r o t e l ' , ' h e r r e r o r ' , ' o r t i z ' , ' r e y e s r m ' , ' v a c c a r e l l a s ' , ' l e n c e ' , ' a n t a j ' , ' f e r b e y e l . r i s k f a c t o r s f o r c a n c e r o f t h e o r a l c a v i t y a n d o r o ' , ' p h a r y n x i n c u b a . b r j c a n c e r . 2 0 0 1 ' , 8 5 , ' 4 6 5 4 . 2 6 . g u h a n ' , ' b o f f e t t a p ' , ' f i l h o v w ' , ' n e t o j e ' , ' s h a n g i n a o ' , ' z a r i d z e x a 0 d . x a 0 o r a l x a 0 h e a l t h x a 0 a n d x a 0 r i s k x a 0 o f x a 0 s q u a m o u s x a 0 c e l l c a r c i n o m a o f t h e h e a d a n d n e c k a n d e s o p h a g u s ' , ' r e s u l t s o f t w o x a 0 m u l t i c e n t r i c x a 0 c a s e c o n t r o l x a 0 s t u d i e s . x a 0 a m x a 0 j x a 0 e p i d e m i o l . 2 0 0 7 ' , 1 6 6 , ' 1 1 5 9 7 3 . 2 7 . h i r a k i a ' , ' m a t s u o k ' , ' s u z u k i t ' , ' k a w a s e t ' , ' t a j i m a k . t e e t h l o s s a n d r i s k o f c a n c e r a t 1 4 c o m m o n s i t e s i n j a p a n e s e . x a 0 c a n c e r x a 0 e p i d e m i o l x a 0 b i o m a r k e r s x a 0 p r e v . x a 0 2 0 0 8 ' , 1 7 , ' 1 2 2 2 7 . 2 8 . m a r s h a l l x a 0 j r ' , ' g r a h a m x a 0 s ' , ' h a u g h e y x a 0 b p ' , ' s h e d d x a 0 d ' , ' o s h e a r ' , ' b r a s u r e j ' , ' e t a l . s m o k i n g ' , ' a l c o h o l ' , ' d e n t i t i o n a n d d i e t i n t h e e p i d e m i o l o g y o f o r a l c a n c e r . e u r j c a n c e r b o r a l o n c o l . 1 9 9 2 ' , ' 2 8 b ' , ' 9 1 5 . 2 9 . t a l a m i n i r ' , ' v a c c a r e l l a s ' , ' b a r b o n e f . o r a l h y g i e n e ' , ' d e n t i t i o n ' , ' s e x u a l x a 0 h a b i t s x a 0 a n d x a 0 r i s k x a 0 o f x a 0 o r a l x a 0 c a n c e r . x a 0 b r x a 0 j c a n c e r . 2 0 0 0 ' , 8 3 , ' 1 2 3 8 4 2 . 3 0 . r o s e n q u i s t k ' , ' w e n n e r b e r g j ' , ' s c h i l d t e b ' , ' b l a d s t r o m a ' , ' g o r a n h a n s s 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2 3 5 4 1 . 3 3 . a b n e t c c ' , ' k a m a n g a r f ' , ' i s l a m i f ' , ' n a s r o l l a h z a d e h d ' , ' b r e n n a n p ' , ' a g h c h e l i k ' , ' e t a l . t o o t h l o s s a n d l a c k o f r e g u l a r o r a l x a 0 x a 0 h y g i e n e x a 0 x a 0 a r e x a 0 x a 0 a s s o c i a t e d x a 0 x a 0 w i t h x a 0 x a 0 h i g h e r x a 0 x a 0 r i s k x a 0 x a 0 o f e s o p h a g e a l s q u a m o u s c e l l c a r c i n o m a . c a n c e r e p i d e m i o l b i o m a r k e r s p r e v . 2 0 0 8 ' , 1 7 , ' 3 0 6 2 8 . 3 4 . a b n e t c c ' , ' q i a o y l ' , ' d a w s e y s m ' , ' d o n g z w ' , ' t a y l o r p r ' , ' m a r k s d . t o o t h l o s s i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d r i s k o f x a 0 x a 0 v o l 4 ' , ' n o 4 ' , ' a u t u m n 2 0 1 1 x a 0 1 9 7 s a d i g h i s h a m a m i e t a l . x a 0 x a 0 t o t a l d e a t h a n d d e a t h f r o m u p p e r g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l c a n c e r ' , ' h e a r t d i s e a s e ' , ' a n d s t r o k e i n a c h i n e s e p o p u l a t i o n ' , ' b a s e d c o h o r t . i n t j e p i d e m i o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 3 4 , ' 4 6 7 7 4 . 3 5 . a b n e t c c ' , ' k a m a n g a r f ' , ' d a w s e y s m ' , ' s t o l z e n b e r g ' , ' s o l o m o n r z ' , ' a l b a n e s d ' , ' p i e t i n e n p ' , ' e t a l . t o o t h l o s s i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d r i s k o f g a s t r i c n o n ' , ' c a r d i a a d e n o c a r c i n o m a i n a c o h o r t o f f i n n i s h s m o k e r s . s c a n d j g a s t r o e n t e r o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 4 0 , ' 6 8 1 7 . 3 6 . w a t a b e k ' , ' n i s h i m ' , ' m i y a k e h ' , ' h i r a t a k . l i f e s t y l e a n d x a 0 g a s t r i c x a 0 c a n c e r ' , ' a x a 0 c a s e ' , ' c o n t r o l x a 0 s t u d y . x a 0 o n c o l x a 0 r e p . 1 9 9 8 ' , 5 , ' 1 1 9 1 4 . 3 7 . t u x a 0 y k ' , ' g a l o b a r d e s x a 0 b ' , ' s m i t h x a 0 g d ' , ' m c c a r r o n x a 0 p ' , ' j e f f r e y s m ' , ' g i l t h o r p e m s . a s s o c i a t i o n s b e t w e e n t o o t h l o s s a n d m o r t a l i t y p a t t e r n s i n t h e g l a s g o w a l u m n i c o h o r t . h e a r t . 2 0 0 7 ' , 9 3 , ' 1 0 9 8 1 0 3 . 3 8 . m i c h a u d x a 0 d s ' , ' l i u x a 0 y ' , ' m e y e r x a 0 m ' , ' g i o v a n n u c c i x a 0 e ' , ' j o s h i p u r a k . p e r i o d o n t a l d i s e a s e ' , ' t o o t h l o s s ' , ' a n d c a n c e r r i s k x a 0 i n x a 0 m a l e x a 0 h e a l t h x a 0 p r o f e s s i o n a l s ' , ' a x a 0 p r o s p e c t i v e x a 0 c o h o r t s t u d y . l a n c e t o n c o l . 2 0 0 8 ' , 9 , ' 5 5 0 8 . 3 9 . c a b r e r a c ' , ' h a k e b e r g m ' , ' a h l q w i s t m ' , ' e t a l . c a n t h e r e l a t i o n x a 0 b e t w e e n x a 0 t o o t h x a 0 l o s s x a 0 a n d x a 0 c h r o n i c x a 0 d i s e a s e x a 0 b e e x p l a i n e d b y s o c i o ' , ' e c o n o m i c s t a t u s ? a 2 4 ' , ' y e a r f o l l o w ' , ' u p f r o m t h e p o p u l a t i o n s t u d y o f w o m e n i n g o t h e n b u r g ' , ' s w e d e n . e u r j e p i d e m i o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , 2 0 , ' 2 2 9 3 6 . ' ]

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